Chapter 16. WADL Support

Jersey contains support for Web Application Description Language (WADL). WADL is a XML description of a deployed RESTful web application. It contains model of the deployed resources, their structure, supported media types, HTTP methods and so on. In a sense, WADL is a similar to the WSDL (Web Service Description Language) which describes SOAP web services. WADL is however specifically designed to describe RESTful Web resources.

Let's start with the simple WADL example. In the example there is a simple CountryResource deployed and we request a wadl of this resource. The context root path of the application is http://localhost:9998.

@Path("country/{id}")
public static class CountryResource {

    private CountryService countryService;

    public CountryResource() {
        // init countryService
    }

    @GET
    @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)
    public Country getCountry(@PathParam("countryId") int countryId) {
        return countryService.getCountry(countryId);
    }
}

The WADL of a Jersey application that contains the resource above can be requested by a HTTP GET request to http://localhost:9998/application.wadl. The Jersey will return a response with a WADL content similar to the one in the following example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<application xmlns="http://wadl.dev.java.net/2009/02">
    <doc xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/" jersey:generatedBy="Jersey: 2.5-SNAPSHOT 2013-12-20 17:14:21"/>
    <grammars/>
    <resources base="http://localhost:9998/">
        <resource path="country/{id}">
            <param xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" type="xs:int" style="template" name="countryId"/>
            <method name="GET" id="getCountry">
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="application/xml"/>
                </response>
            </method>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</application>

The returned WADL is a XML that contains element resource with path country/{id}. This resource has one inner method element with http method as attribute, name of java method and its produced representation. This description corresponds to defined java resource. Now let's look at more complex example.

The previous WADL does not actually contain all resources exposed in our API. There are other resources that are available and are hidden in the previous WADL. The previous WADL shows only resources that are provided by the user. In the following example, the WADL is generated using query parameter detail: http://localhost:9998/application.wadl?detail. Note that usage of http://localhost:9998/application.wadl?detail=true is also valid. This will produce the WADL with all resource available in the application:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<application xmlns="http://wadl.dev.java.net/2009/02">
    <doc xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/" jersey:generatedBy="Jersey: 2.5-SNAPSHOT 2013-12-20 17:14:21"/>
    <doc xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/" jersey:hint="To get simplified WADL with user's resources only use the query parameter 'simple=true'. Link: http://localhost:9998/application.wadl?detail=true&amp;simple=true"/>
    <grammars/>
    <resources base="http://localhost:9998/">
        <resource path="country/{id}">
            <param xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" type="xs:int" style="template" name="countryId"/>
            <method name="GET" id="getCountry">
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="application/xml"/>
                </response>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml"/>
                </response>
                <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="text/plain"/>
                </response>
                <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </response>
                <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
            </method>
        </resource>
        <resource path="application.wadl">
            <method name="GET" id="getWadl">
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml"/>
                    <representation mediaType="application/xml"/>
                </response>
                <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="text/plain"/>
                </response>
                <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </response>
                <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
            </method>
            <resource path="{path}">
                <param xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" type="xs:string" style="template" name="path"/>
                <method name="GET" id="geExternalGrammar">
                    <response>
                        <representation mediaType="application/xml"/>
                    </response>
                    <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
                </method>
                <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                    <request>
                        <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                    </request>
                    <response>
                        <representation mediaType="text/plain"/>
                    </response>
                    <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
                </method>
                <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                    <request>
                        <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                    </request>
                    <response>
                        <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                    </response>
                    <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
                </method>
                <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
            </resource>
            <jersey:extended xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/">true</jersey:extended>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</application>

In the example above the returned application WADL is shown in full. WADL schema is defined by the WADL specification, so let's look at it in more details. The root WADL document element is the application. It contains global information about the deployed JAX-RS application. Under this element there is a nested element resources which contains zero or more resource elements. Each resource element describes a single deployed resource. In our example, there are only two root resources - "country/{id}" and "application.wadl". The "application.wadl" resource is the resource that was just requested in order to receive the application WADL document. Even though WADL support is an additional feature in Jersey it is still a resource deployed in the resource model and therefore it is itself present in the returned WADL document. The first resource element with the path="country/{id}" is the element that describes our custom deployed resource. This resource contains a GET method and three OPTIONS methods. The GET method is our getCountry() method defined in the sample. There is a method name in the id attribute and @Produces is described in the response/representation WADL element. OPTIONS methods are the methods that are automatically added by Jersey to each resource. There is an OPTIONS method returning "text/plain" media type, that will return a response with a string entity containing the list of methods deployed on this resource (this means that instead of WADL you can use this OPTIONS method to get similar information in a textual representation). Another OPTIONS method returning */* will return a response with no entity and Allow header that will contain list of methods as a String. The last OPTIONS method producing "application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml" returns a WADL description of the resource "country/{id}". As you can see, all OPTIONS methods return information about the resource to which the HTTP OPTIONS request is made.

Second resource with a path "application.wadl" has, again, similar OPTIONS methods and one GET method which return this WADL. There is also a sub-resource with a path defined by path param {path}. This means that you can request a resource on the URI http://localhost:9998/application.wadl/something. This is used only to return an external grammar if there is any attached. Such a external grammar can be for example an XSD schema of the response entity which if the response entity is a JAXB bean. An external grammar support via Jersey extended WADL support is described in sections below.

All resource that were added in this second example into the WADL contains element extended. This means that this resource is not a part of a core RESTful API and is rather a helper resource. If you need to mark any your own resource are extended, annotate is with @ExtendedResource. Note that there might be methods visible in the default simple WADL even the user has not added them. This is for example the case of MVC added methods which were added by ModelProcessor but are still intended to be used by the client to achieve their primary use case of getting formatted data.

Let's now send an HTTP OPTIONS request to "country/{id}" resource using the the curl command:

curl -X OPTIONS -H "Allow: application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml" \
    -v http://localhost:9998/country/15

We should see a WADL returned similar to this one:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<application xmlns="http://wadl.dev.java.net/2009/02">
    <doc xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/"
        jersey:generatedBy="Jersey: 2.0-SNAPSHOT ${buildNumber}"/>
    <grammars/>
    <resources base="http://localhost:9998/">
        <resource path="country/15">
            <method name="GET" id="getCountry">
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="application/xml"/>
                </response>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml"/>
                </response>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="text/plain"/>
                </response>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </response>
            </method>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</application>

The returned WADL document has the standard WADL structure that we saw in the WADL document returned for the whole Jersey application earlier. The main difference here is that the only resource is the resource to which the OPTIONS HTTP request was sent. The resource has now path "country/15" and not "country/{id}" as the path parameter {id} was already specified in the request to this concrete resource.

Another, a more complex WADL example is shown in the next example.

@Path("customer/{id}")
public static class CustomerResource {
    private CustomerService customerService;

    @GET
    public Customer get(@PathParam("id") int id) {
        return customerService.getCustomerById(id);
    }

    @PUT
    public Customer put(Customer customer) {
        return customerService.updateCustomer(customer);
    }

    @Path("address")
    public CustomerAddressSubResource getCustomerAddress(@PathParam("id") int id) {
        return new CustomerAddressSubResource(id);
    }

    @Path("additional-info")
    public Object getAdditionalInfoSubResource(@PathParam("id") int id) {
        return new CustomerAddressSubResource(id);
    }

}


public static class CustomerAddressSubResource {
    private final int customerId;
    private CustomerService customerService;

    public CustomerAddressSubResource(int customerId) {
        this.customerId = customerId;
        this.customerService = null; // init customer service here
    }

    @GET
    public String getAddress() {
        return customerService.getAddressForCustomer(customerId);
    }

    @PUT
    public void updateAddress(String address) {
        customerService.updateAddressForCustomer(customerId, address);
    }

    @GET
    @Path("sub")
    public String getDeliveryAddress() {
        return customerService.getDeliveryAddressForCustomer(customerId);
    }
}

The GET request to http://localhost:9998/application.wadl will return the following WADL document:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<application xmlns="http://wadl.dev.java.net/2009/02">
    <doc xmlns:jersey="http://jersey.java.net/"
        jersey:generatedBy="Jersey: 2.0-SNAPSHOT ${buildNumber}"/>
    <grammars/>
    <resources base="http://localhost:9998/">
        <resource path="customer/{id}">
            <param xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                type="xs:int" style="template" name="id"/>
            <method name="GET" id="get">
                <response/>
            </method>
            <method name="PUT" id="put">
                <response/>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml"/>
                </response>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="text/plain"/>
                </response>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </response>
            </method>
            <resource path="additional-info">
                <param xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                    type="xs:int" style="template" name="id"/>
            </resource>
            <resource path="address">
                <param xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                    type="xs:int" style="template" name="id"/>
                <method name="GET" id="getAddress">
                    <response/>
                </method>
                <method name="PUT" id="updateAddress"/>
                <resource path="sub">
                    <method name="GET" id="getDeliveryAddress">
                        <response/>
                    </method>
                </resource>
            </resource>
        </resource>
        <resource path="application.wadl">
            <method name="GET" id="getWadl">
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="application/vnd.sun.wadl+xml"/>
                    <representation mediaType="application/xml"/>
                </response>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="text/plain"/>
                </response>
            </method>
            <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                <request>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </request>
                <response>
                    <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                </response>
            </method>
            <resource path="{path}">
                <param xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                    type="xs:string" style="template" name="path"/>
                <method name="GET" id="geExternalGrammar">
                    <response>
                        <representation mediaType="application/xml"/>
                    </response>
                </method>
                <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                    <request>
                        <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                    </request>
                    <response>
                        <representation mediaType="text/plain"/>
                    </response>
                </method>
                <method name="OPTIONS" id="apply">
                    <request>
                        <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                    </request>
                    <response>
                        <representation mediaType="*/*"/>
                    </response>
                </method>
            </resource>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</application>

The resource with path="customer/{id}" is similar to the country resource from the previous example. There is a path parameter which identifies the customer by id. The resource contains 2 user-declared methods and again auto-generated OPTIONS methods added by Jersey. THe resource declares 2 sub-resource locators which are represented in the returned WADL document as nested resource elements. Note that the sub-resource locator getCustomerAddress() returns a type CustomerAddressSubResource in the method declaration and also in the WADL there is a resource element for such a sub resource with full internal description. The second method getAdditionalInfoSubResource() returns only an Object in the method declaration. While this is correct from the JAX-RS perspective as the real returned type can be computed from a request information, it creates a problem for WADL generator because WADL is generated based on the static configuration of the JAX-RS application resources. The WADL generator does not know what type would be actually returned to a request at run time. That is the reason why the nested resource element with path="additional-info" does not contain any information about the supported resource representations.

The CustomerAddressSubResource sub-resource described in the nested element <resource path="address"> does not contain an OPTIONS method. While these methods are in fact generated by Jersey for the sub-resource, Jersey WADL generator does not currently support adding these methods to the sub-resource description. This should be addressed in the near future. Still, there are two user-defined resource methods handling HTTP GET and PUT requests. The sub-resource method getDeliveryAddress() is represented as a separate nested resource with path="sub". Should there be more sub-resource methods defined with path="sub", then all these method descriptions would be placed into the same resource element. In other words, sub-resource methods are grouped in WADL as sub-resources based on their path value.

WADL generation is enabled in Jersey by default. This means that OPTIONS methods are added by default to each resource and an auto-generated /application.wadl resource is deployed too. To override this default behavior and disable WADL generation in Jersey, setup the configuration property in your application:

jersey.config.server.wadl.disableWadl=true

This property can be setup in a web.xml if the Jersey application is deployed in the servlet with web.xml or the property can be returned from the Application. getProperties(). See Deployment chapter for more information on setting the application configuration properties in various deployments.

WADL support in Jersey is implemented via ModelProcessor extension. This implementation enhances the application resource model by adding the WADL providing resources. WADL ModelProcessor priority value is high (i.e. the priority is low) as it should be executed as one of the last model processors. Therefore, any ModelProcessor executed before will not see WADL extensions in the resource model. WADL handling resource model extensions (resources and OPTIONS resource methods) are not added to the application resource model if there is already a matching resource or a resource method detected in the model. In other words, if you define for example your own OPTIONS method that would produce "application.wadl" response content, this method will not be overridden by WADL model processor. See Resource builder chapter for more information on ModelProcessor extension mechanism.

Please note that the API of extended WADL support is going to be changed in one of the future releases of Jersey 2.x (see below).

Jersey supports extension of WADL generation called extended WADL. Using the extended WADL support you can enhance the generated WADL document with additional information, such as resource method javadoc-based documentation of your REST APIs, adding general documentation, adding external grammar support, or adding any custom WADL extension information.

The documentation of the existing extended WADL can be found here: Extended WADL in Jersey 1. This contains description of an extended WADL generation in Jersey 1.x that is currently supported also by Jersey 2.x.

Again, note that the extended WADL in Jersey 2.x is NOT the intended final version and API is going to be changed. The existing set of features and functionality will be preserved but the APIs will be significantly re-designed to support additional use cases. This impacts mainly the APIs of WadlGenerator, WadlGeneratorConfig as well as any related classes. The API changes may impact your code if you are using a custom WadlGenerator or plan to implement one.